How to make an apartment last for 1,000 years.jpg

Build apartments using super concrete,
and replace the embedded pipes every 10 to 15 years.
Instead of the wall-structure used in Korea, build them with a column-structure like other countries so they can be easily replaced.
Since super concrete is extremely dense, it can prevent moisture inflow and stop rebar from corroding,
and silica nanomaterials can even act as a waterproofing agent.
When building a 30-story apartment, use the principle of concrete that lasts 2,000 years.
Typically, Roman concrete used a mixture of volcanic ash to utilize the pozzolanic reaction; when cracks formed, moisture would enter and fill them,
strengthening the concrete structure. Super concrete, however, is filled with fine nanomaterials from the very beginning.
Nevertheless, if cracks occur over time,
the rebar and concrete begin to corrode due to those cracks.
That is why we embed capillaries inside the columns.
After installing the rebar and binding the capillaries, they are embedded in the concrete.
Then, the capillaries are filled with a mixture of nanomaterials.
The capillaries can be made of graphene; if a crack forms, the nano-material liquid is released from the capillary
to fill that crack.
Thus, the extent of the crack can be determined by how much of the nanomaterial from these capillaries has been used.
Instead of inserting capillaries, you would need to add more rebar and make the columns larger,
but this design allows the rebar and concrete to continuously self-heal from damage caused by micro-cracks over time,
making them semi-permanent.
Just like with wood, by creating channels within the concrete columns to supply crack reinforcement materials
and continuously refilling them, the cracks can be constantly reinforced.
If cracks form from deep inside to the surface, the material automatically penetrates to induce a pozzolanic reaction, allowing for self-healing.
By installing capillaries in all concrete, we can fill the concrete cracks.