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If we possessed the technology to create spacecraft or space stations with artificial gravity, or to terraform the Moon to have the same gravity as Earth, it would be a monumental achievement recorded in history until the end of humanity.
It can be realized right now.
To do that, we first need to understand how Earth acquired its gravity.
Before Earth was formed, our galaxy experienced a collision between two massive objects, and as the fragments dispersed, a stable galaxy was formed; at that time, our solar system likely had many more planets and asteroids.
Over time, as orbits met over hundreds or thousands of years, they collided, creating the stable solar system we have today.
In fact, the Moon and the Earth were once a single substance. In terms of DNA, they share the same parent.
If they had changed by coming into contact with a third substance from another galaxy while separated, different DNA would have been discovered, but the important thing is that the Moon, the Earth, and the Sun were one substance before the collision.
So, getting to the point, Earth, which was once a star, underwent nuclear fusion and fission to create a stable iron structure, and by emitting heat through radiative cooling, the momentum of atoms decreased, causing space to contract and generating gravity.
Therefore, using the same principle, I intend to try making a bead with artificial gravity on Earth.
We prepare a bead with a diameter of 10M.
Then, we fill that bead with 30% water and turn it all into water vapor.
After that, we cool it down; it is said that gravity does not form in an amount equal to the mass multiplied by the ratio of water vapor converted to liquid.
The reason is that while it contracts space, the pressure of other water vapor expanding is greater, so they cancel each other out.
So, let's install a pressure relief valve and discharge the water vapor until it reaches an appropriate pressure.
From that point on, it is said that the force of gravity increases by the mass multiplied by the ratio of water vapor converted to liquid.
Here, there is a concept called "Gravity Conversion Limit Mass."
If there is a substance higher than the gravity conversion limit mass per unit volume, gravity will not increase even if you convert the water vapor to liquid.
However, if you make it lower than that mass, gravity increases as the water vapor converts to liquid.
So, we put in less than 5% water, turn it into vapor, cool it into liquid to create gravity, and then take that liquid out with a pipette, reheat it externally to turn it back into vapor, spray it into that capsule at low density, and let that vapor be cooled by a refrigerant.
Even here, you can only make the gravity inside the bead increase if you spray it at a level lower than the gravity conversion limit mass per unit area.
By converting water vapor to liquid to increase the force of gravity, turning that liquid back into vapor to spray it, and repeating the process where that vapor becomes liquid via a refrigerant and is then extracted to be turned into vapor again, the artificial gravity inside the bead continues to grow.
In the case of Earth, gravity increases when water vapor turns into liquid in a vacuum layer without an atmosphere; in an atmospheric layer with a lot of atmosphere—that is, a place with more substance than the gravity conversion limit mass—no matter how much water vapor you convert to liquid, it cannot affect gravity.
Instead, it is converted into the kinetic energy of the atmosphere as the atmosphere moves.
Actual gravity is increased not in the atmospheric layers of a planet or star, but in the vacuum layers at the gravity boundary, such as the thermosphere.
Therefore, when terraforming the Moon, you increase the force of gravity by converting water vapor to liquid in places that are under the Moon's gravity but are in a vacuum.
However, in the future, gravity beads will be manufactured in large factories, and those beads will be broken at desired locations to increase gravity; we will make beads with internal gravity 100 or 1,000 times greater than Earth's gravity and open them to increase the gravitational force.
Suppose A is a planet, B is the atmospheric layer, and we build a huge pillar at C; this pillar is so high that air from the atmospheric layer cannot enter it.
It is connected to a vacuum layer.
If it were as low as the height of the atmospheric layer, it would be filled with atmosphere.
But if we put a bead with 1,000 times artificial gravity inside here and open it, the gravity of this planet increases.
However, if this space is filled with air, even if you open the 1,000x bead, it will not cause any change in the planet's gravity.
It will simply create atmospheric flow.
Winds will blow and the planet's atmospheric layer will surge.
So, the movement of Earth's atmosphere occurs when a gas converts to a liquid;
the force that contracts space when water vapor becomes liquid and falls.
That force creates wind and atmospheric flow.
This force can also be used to create gravity.
I made this diagram because I needed to make this understandable.
So in the future, gravity beads will simply be mass-produced in factories, put into these large towers, and then opened and replaced.
You can increase the force of gravity by docking them.
A gravity bead is also a planetary capsule;
inside a bead with a 10M diameter, you create something about twice Earth's gravity, add liquid, and add water vapor.
Then, you break it in the outer space vacuum layer where Earth's gravity does not reach.
Then, the broken hole becomes the gravity boundary;
at this time, if you melt the bead with a laser, the bead will be pulled by gravity, forming a core by density, and above that, a small planet is formed by the liquid and water vapor.
In this way, you can terraform the Moon or build spacecraft with artificial gravity; when people think of building a spacecraft with artificial gravity, they usually think of making gravity act only inside the spacecraft.
If you build it that way, you cannot use the spacecraft properly.
Therefore, you must build a planet-type spacecraft.
The planet is about the size of Earth.
Inside, a massive amount of liquid is arranged like a planet due to gravity.
And spacecraft where people reside are attached to the surface of the spacecraft.
It is in a belt shape.
The center of gravity is the liquid planet. You are pulled toward that place.
Even if you release all that liquid, you are naturally pulled in.
If you put in iron, the iron will pile up at the center due to buoyancy, and the liquid will pile up on top of it.
The space stations we know are circular, but if you create gravity inside them, the center of the interior of the spacecraft becomes the gravity.
So, in movies, instead of walking, we are floating at a midpoint.
At that midpoint, if you go up, you go down, and if you go down, you go up—you end up in a strange, circular cave-like place.
That is why we must build planet-type spacecraft;
technically, this can be built,
but it is a tremendous future technology for which we cannot conclude "it is possible after 1,000 years" or "it is possible after 10,000 years."
However, since it is possible to travel through space faster than the speed of light,
using photon propulsion, we can travel at 100 or 1,000 times the speed of light, and these planet-type spacecraft could create colonies 100 million light-years away, beyond Earth's solar system.
It is an achievement that can only be possible after at least 100 million years.
Looking at the current rate of development, it's even possible to say such things.
If Korea achieves this, reaching a KOSPI of 1 million is also possible.
But since this is such a massive project, the US, Europe, and all countries in the world must participate.