The Massacre of Chinese Diaspora in Pyongyang by Koreans during the Japanese Colonial Period (1931)

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The Origin of the Incident: In 1931, following Japan's expansion into Manchuria, Manchuria was promoted as a land of opportunity and quick riches to Koreans who were living under colonial rule, leading many Koreans to migrate there.
While purchasing land and reclaiming land in Manchuria, conflicts arose with the Chinese residents already living in the region, and the Japanese authorities intervened under the pretext of protecting Koreans.
But here is the thing.
The Japanese authorities began spreading rumors through media outlets in the Korean peninsula.
??? : "I heard that the Chinese in Manchuria massacred and humiliated Koreans during the Manbosan Incident."
Newspaper companies operating under Japanese permission at the time all reported the Manbosan Incident as a massacre of Koreans by the Chinese, based on this leaked information.
Upon hearing this, the pent-up resentment of colonial rule and anti-Chinese sentiment that Koreans had suppressed for the past 20 years (at the time of the incident in 1931) boiled over instantly.

Riots broke out in succession as they raided areas where the Chinese diaspora lived in Gyeonggi-do and Incheon.
The situation reached its climax with the Pyongyang Chinese Diaspora Massacre.
At the time, Pyongyang was the most conservative place in Korea with the highest number of Catholics, earning it the nickname "Jerusalem of the East."
In contrast, Daegu was the "Moscow of the East," where the most progressive socialist waves were rising in Korea.
At 11 PM in Pyongyang, Koreans moved systematically, armed with knives and axes, raiding Chinese residential areas and beginning to hack people mercilessly.
They organized into groups to hunt down the Chinese diaspora, committing murder, looting, arson, and even rape.

(A photo of the Chinese street in Pyongyang at the time)
Although the Dong-A Ilbo later revealed that the report on the Manbosan massacre of Koreans was false news, the "Baehwa" (anti-Chinese) riots broke out across the entire country.

History experts say that these "Baehwa" incidents are a dual-sided example that simultaneously shows the resentment of Koreans under Japanese colonial rule, who felt like victims, and their aspect as perpetrators who, as members of the Japanese Empire, began to drive out the Chinese and "colonize" Manchuria themselves.