How to make an apartment last for 5,000 years.jpg

In wall-structure buildings like those in Korea, pipes rust and water seeps into the concrete,
causing the concrete to corrode and flake off.
That is why Korea should adopt column-structure designs like other countries, allowing for easy replacements.
However, "super concrete" is extremely dense, acting as a waterproof barrier to prevent moisture ingress and protect rebar from corrosion.
Even with super concrete, if cracks form, moisture penetrates inside, leading to concrete spalling.
Therefore, we need to build apartments with self-healing capabilities.
Roman concrete was made by mixing volcanic ash; when cracks formed and rain fell, a pozzolanic reaction occurred, filling the cracks and hardening, which is why it maintains such high strength.
To solve this problem, we incorporate two specific functions.
First, we create a structure where 90 independent columns are combined into one.
If one of the 90 columns has an issue, you can cut it out, remove it from the top, insert new rebar, and fill it with super concrete.
This allows each of the 90 columns to be replaced individually.
The design involves making one large column three times the size and dividing it into 90 interconnected segments.
Second, we install capillaries. After installing the rebar and binding the capillaries, they are embedded in the concrete.
The capillaries are then filled with a mixture of nano-materials.
The capillaries can be made of graphene; if a crack occurs, the nano-material liquid is released from the capillary to fill the crack.
By monitoring how much of this nano-material has been used in the capillaries, one can determine the extent of the cracking.
Instead of using capillaries, one could simply add more rebar and make the columns larger,
but by designing it so that the rebar and concrete continuously self-heal from micro-cracks that develop over time,
the structure can be made semi-permanent.
Similar to how nutrients flow through a tree, we can create channels within the concrete columns to supply crack reinforcement materials,
continuously refilling them to reinforce cracks as they appear.
When cracks form from deep inside to the surface, the material automatically penetrates to induce a pozzolanic reaction for self-healing.
By installing capillaries in all concrete, we can fill any concrete cracks.
If a crack becomes impossible to repair even after being filled, that specific cell can be cut out and replaced one by one.
Every 30 years, all 90 cells of a column could be replaced.
We can design it so that even 60 cells are sufficient to support the ground, while using a 90-cell structure (adding 30 more) to ensure stability by replacing them one by one.
While the initial construction cost is higher, maintenance costs can be drastically reduced.
Instead of doing it all at once, you would replace 5 columns at a time across all columns from the 1st to the 30th floor.
With 90 cells, this process would need to be done 16 times in total, but by doing it once every 30 years, the columns can be made completely new again.
By combining the self-healing function via capillaries with a 90-segment column structure, we can enter an era of "infinite apartments" that are impossible to achieve through self-healing alone.